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“LIBRARY OF PRINCETON 





THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY 


Sao mae 
ened tial 


BV 4222 .829 1924 
Sayre, Monell, 1875- 


The revival of Christianity 
through the Power of 








Digitized by the Internet Archive 
in 2022 with funding from 
Princeton Theological Seminary Library 


httos://archive.org/details/revivalofchristiOOsayr 





THE REVIVAL OF CHRISTIANITY 


THROUGH THE POWER OF PREACHING 


THE WORK OF A NATIONAL 


CATHEDRAL 






LIBRARY OF PRINCETON 





52 AG RII LNAI ID A 


THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY 


eA LEIP OP TOT, 











THE REVIVAL OF CHRISTIANITY 


THROUGH THE POWER OF PREACHING 


rf 


ERBeOW OICKS © lie A 
NATIONAL. CATHEDRAL 


by MONELL SAYRE 


Trustee of the Church Pension Fund 
Pension Advisor to the Church 
of England 


A 


WASHINGTON, D.C. 
1924 


“The following paper represents the view of 
a man of practical affairs and large business 
expertence. The Chapter of Washington Ca- 
thedral has adopted the central idea and ts 
preparing to put it into immediate execution.” 


James E. FREEMAN, 
Bishop of Washington 


DMAESREVIVAL“OPsCH RES TVANDTE Y 


THROUGH THE POWER OF PREACHING 


Vf 


THE WORK OF A NATIONAL 
CATHEDRAL 


The substance of remarks made 

before the chapter of the Wash- 

ington Cathedral at its meeting 
on October ninth, 1923 


by MONELL SAYRE 


~|HRISTIANITY has lost its hold on the masses 
AWW fof the people. The industrial classes have 
: By ceased to be influenced by it. It has shrunk 
at S7 into a concern of the so-called middle and 

Ae — Ab, upper classes. This is a condition which, if 

YORE ASSES) la lowed to continue, means that Christianity 
in America will soon enter definitely into the status of a de- 
caying religion. 

A religion is really alive only so long as it is the religion 
of the people. Whenever the workers in factories and 
mines and shops turn from a religion it begins to be of 
the past. True always, this is emphatically true of the 
twentieth century. That these workers have ceased to be 
interested in the Christian Faith is the testimony of all 
competent observers. Even the allegiance of the so-called 
higher classes is shaken, especially among those who may 


{7} 






A Crisis in 
Religion 


Delusive 
Appearances 
of Strength 


THE WORK OF 


be loosely designated as the intelligentsia. Christianity is 
caught in one of the decisive crises in its centuries of strug- 
gle; it must summon all of its statesmanship to maintain 
itself as the world religion. 

The Christian Church must not allow itself to be de- 


ceived by apparent material prosperity. A certain type of | 


church leader always evades real problems by referring to 


imposing statistics—the roll of adherents, the number of | 


church edifices, enormous subscriptions for routine pur- 
poses and for building and other special projects. History 
shows that nothing can be more illusory than such official 
complacency. Probably the last Abbot of Glastonbury, 
when he took his seat in the House of Lords, thought that 
the most certain of facts was that the sixty abbots save 
one who were his predecessors would be duly followed by 
other sixty in the succeeding generations. Yet, within 
twenty years, he saw the enormous fabric of Bfiolish mon- 
asticism swept completely from the face of the earth. The 
Church of France, in the seventeenth century, refused te 
accept the most moderate taxation on ecclesiastical prop 
erty; before 1800 there was no Church of France and n 
ecclesiastical property to be taxed. The absolute blindnes: 
of the Church in Russia our own eyes have seen. 

The only strength of a religion is its hold on the spiritual 
nature of the average man. There is no such hold by Chris- 
tianity in America today. That multitudes still throng the 
churches, that rich men still make great gifts, of them- 


selves prove nothing against the accumulating evidence of | 


a decisive drift of the population as a whole the other way. 
Habit always counts for much, and the very day before 


Constantine overthrew Paganism, the priests of Neptune | 


were cheered by crowds around his altars, and Roman 


Senators made great offerings in the temple of Castor and | 


{8} 


t 


4A NATIONAL CATHEDRAL 


Pollux. If the artisan workers of America believed in 
Christ, tae Church need not mind any meagreness of sta- 
tistics. With those workers estranged, imposing columns 
of membership and wealth prove nothing—they are snares 
for unpenetrating leadership. The workers do not regard 
the Christ. Therefore His religion is in grave danger of 
ceasing to be a factor in America’s life. 

This danger of the practical overthrow of Christianity 
is the product of many causes, operating through many 
years. The revolution in man’s conception of the universe 
and of its evolution, with the inability of much Christian 
leadership to adapt itself to this revolution; insistence that 
some favorite theory is essential to a following of Christ; 
emphasis on the relatively unimportant instead of on Christ 
Himself; emphasis on the material side of conduct instead 
of on an elevation of our spiritual strength; the prevalent 
belief that the Church is an instrument of the employer 
class working against the interest of those who live on 
wages; the inability of the Church today to exhibit and 
“naintain those high standards of Christian morality of 
vhich it is the guardian and trustee. These are causes of 
the weakened influence of Christianity with which we are 
all familiar. But what we fail to realize is that a mere ad- 
ministrative defect within the Church has been a con- 
tributing element of no mean proportions. 

This may seem to assign an absurd importance to ad- 
ministration, but not if we consider in what the adminis- 
trative defect consists. In its work among men, the Chris- 
tian religion has two duties. One duty is to shepherd the 
souls once gathered within the fold, or born within its def- 
inite influence. The other duty is to attract the souls whom 
the Spirit of Christ has not yet touched. The duties are 
quite different. They require quite a different species of 


{9} 


Causes of 
Weakness 


The 
Church's 
Two Duties 


The Work 
of the 
Parish 
Church 


Its 


Limitations 


THE WORK OF 


organization. If both duties are handled with statesman- 
like insight, the Christian Faith is not only safe, the in- 
fluence of Christ advances towards the universal recogni- 
tion He demands as His right. If either duty is imperfectly 
conceived and organized, the Christian community ap- ~ 
proaches toward one of the crises which affright us today. 
For we have definitely allowed one side of the Church’s 
organization to atrophy; and have cast upon the other side 
not only the performance of the duty it was initiated to 
fulfill but the duty it is constitutionally unable to perform. 

The only instrumentality of Christianity seriously and 
effectively at work today is the parish church. I speak 
here not only of the Episcopal Church, but, I think, of all 
Protestant Churches. The parish church and its pastor are 
admirably adapted to shepherd souls. No instrumentality 
can supersede it in that indispensable function. But to cast 
upon the parish church, as we have done, the other indis- 
pensable half of religion, that of attracting the multitude 
without, is to affront both worldly sense and Christian 
experience. It is not adapted to that task, it does not and 
it can not possess the instrumentalities. The work is prac- 
tically left undone, and therefore we are confronted, other 
causes contributing, with a constantly shrinking Christian 
constituency. 

This casting upon the parish church of all of the duties 
of Christianity, both those it can and those it can not do, 
is again the result of a network of historical causes, of long 
continuance. A major factor probably is that habit of mind 
which arose when every individual in the community was, 
at least nominally, an obedient member of the Church and 
therefore the Church was externally completely trium- 
phant. This medieval conception of the whole population 
as under the Church’s sway continues to produce many 


{ 10} 


A NATIONAL CATHEDRAL 


disastrous consequences, as witness the light-heartedness 
with which the Church engages in internecine struggles, and 
its leaders in perpetual partisan conflicts. What might be 
safe in days of peace is essayed in the present perilous state 
of war—the officers dispute and whole brigades fire on each 
other in the very presence of the enemy. Reliance upon the 
parish church both to win, as well as to strengthen those 
once won, probably goes back to the time when, at least 
externally, there were no more souls in Western Europe to 
be won. Therefore, the Church concentrated her strength 
on preserving her own, and allowed her instrumentalities 
of offensive warfare to dwindle. But how different is the 
situation today, when in pain and humiliation we find our- 
selves an outnumbered and outmaneuvered army, slowly 
retreating toward defeat. 

What then may wisely be said in any council of war 
meeting under such unfavorable strategic conditions? 
Surely this. That the Church has been in such crises be- 
fore. That many times in her long experience she has faced 
complete disaster by the practical repudiation of the Chris- 
tian Faith by whole populations. That in such grave emer- 
gencies, her statesmen have realized that her organization 
for offensive warfare to attract the souls of men had be- 
come impaired, and have set themselves, with the earnest- 
ness and soberness of statesmen, to refurnish it anew, and 
that the Church has then always been successful. That is, 
there is one method, which in the days of utmost disaster, 
if the Church uses with intensity and intelligence, always 
changes history, and transforms a Christian rout into 
Christ’s great victory. It has always been so. It can be so 
today. This method of assured victory, stated in its sim- 
plest terms, is a Revival of Preaching. 

Not a revival of preaching in the parish church. That is 


{11} 


The 
Method of 


Assured 


Victory 


Preaching 
to the 
People 


THE WORK OF 


indeed good, and will doubtless necessarily accompany a 
wider preaching. But it is idle for the Church to sit in her 
parish churches and expect the alienated working class of 
America to flow in, so that they may then be won. They 


will not come. Their backs are turned definitely and of pur- 


pose. They have decided that the Church and the religion 
she presents is not for them. The parish church must be set 
free to strengthen those that remain and to receive those 
whom the wider preaching will gain. The revival of preach- 
ing must be planned solely to reach those who cannot 
otherwise be won. 

The Revival of Preaching can not be held amid the 
Church’s atmosphere. At the Washington Cathedral re- 
cently, at an open-air service, the preaching was heard by 
forty thousand men and women. No such auditory has 
ever listened to the Gospel of Christ on the American 
Continent. This service must rank with such historic as- 
semblages as when Peter the Hermit is said to have aroused 
one hundred thousand listeners in the First Crusade. It is 
an illustration of what awaits the Church, when the 
Church puts forth Christ’s strength. It is an augury most 
cheerful. But even that means the people coming in some 
measure to the Church. They will not. The Church must 
go to them. 

This 1s the essence of the Revival of Preaching—the 
Church carrying the message to the people where they are. 
That is what has turned defeat into victory. It can do so 
again. The Christ is as winning to a twentieth century 
American workman as to the man of any age, if the Amer- 
ican workman can be made to hear. The only place where 
he can be made to hear is where he is. There the Church 
must go. T’o continue to sit still and expect the workman 
to seek out the Church, is for the Church practically to 


{12} 


A NAITONAISGCABAE DRA L 


turn her back upon her highest duty and desert her Christ. 

The Revival of Preaching must carry to the American 
working man a gospel of the Christ and of the Christ alone. 
Christianity would not be the world religion, if in the cen- 
turies it had not developed a body of doctrine, a philoso- 
phy, law, administration, ritual. I am not deprecating 


these. But we do not teach the child to talk by beginning’ 


with the niceties of grammar. So to the soul which has lost 
the immortal vision, we shall be content, we know that we 
must be content, and content gladly, simply and solely to 
bring him in contact with the Divine Lord. That, in all the 
ages, has been enough. 

But to present Christ and nothing else requires high in- 
telligence and it requires training. Nothing tests the in- 
tellect like discriminating between the essential and the 
relatively unimportant. Here 1s where the inferior man 
always fails. Even the superior man, although the mark 
of his superiority is an inherent sense of what is essential, 
often needs expert guidance in order to discriminate with 
precision. The Revival of Preaching, therefore, can only be 
committed to those who are the great preachers of the 
Faith. 

And they must be great preachers of the Faith in an espe- 
cial sense. To sway vast multitudes is a gift of very few. If 
the current of America’s spiritual life is to be turned 
about, however, vast multitudes must be touched by the 
voice of the prophet. The Church must send out those of 
her great men who, by the grace of God, possess those rare 
qualities of person and voice and emotion combined with 
intellect which will enable them, in a huge concourse of the 
indifferent, so to exhibit the personality of our Saviour that 
again there will be seen the spectacle of thousands being 
awed and melted at one time into an acceptance of the 


{13} 


The 
Gospel 


A Task for 
Great 
Preachers 


A Message 
for the Age 


Using all 


Appliances 


THE WORK OF 


soul’s Lord. We must find those rare preachers, and when 
we find them, we must so present Christ’s need of them 
that there can be no question but that they will come. 

Such preachers must carry a twentieth century message. 
It was so in all of the great Revivals of Preaching which 
have saved the Faith in past times. The preaching was 
adapted to the men of the day in which it was spoken; it 
was delivered with all of the knowledge open to the men to 
whom it was addressed. So it must be done by us. We can- 
not afford to present the Gospel except with all of the re- 
sources of the latest scholarship. The individual working- 
man can not be a scholar, but we deceive ourselves if we 
think that he is not well advised. He will know if we are 
ignorant or lacking frankness. Therefore, the preachers of 
the coming Revival must be free of the world of scholar- 
ship. Not necessarily original scholars themselves, they 
must have mastered the questions in debate, and be con- 
summately able to handle them. In a world which demands 
that its leaders be abreast of the most recent learning, the 
Church must dwell not only in the past but in the present 
time. 

Similarly the Christian Faith must be presented so as 
to take hold on the imagination of to-day. That Truth has 
many facets, some peculiarly adapted to one age, and 
others to the ages that follow. We need not fear that Christ 
and the central spiritual facts will not have an equal appeal 
in every time. But each generation has its own idiosyncrasy; 
it is Christian statesmanship to seize on that aspect of the 
Gospel which presents to it the strongest appeal. 

The Revival of Preaching to save Christianity among 
twentieth century men is to be launched in a twentieth 
century world. It will therefore use all of that world’s ap- 
propriate appliances. In a more simple day a multitude of 


{14} 


ZeNA RON WEO AEN EDRAL 


unlettered preachers could be sent forth into the alleys of 
the medieval cities and could change the course of history. 
But we live amid two mighty instruments of power, pub- 
licity and organization. To neglect to use them, ts to give 
to Christ only a half-hearted support. The preachers of the 
new Revival will advance therefore on society making use 
of all of the resources of modern publicity to get a hearing 
for Christ and all of the resources of modern organization 
to render most effective the results of that hearing. 

The Christian Church anticipated the modern world in 
stressing and perfecting organization—organization trans- 
fused with a spiritual idea. A Revival of Preaching pro- 
jected with the determination to turn about the current 
of spiritual life in America and make it again set toward 
Christ must be organized with the Church’s best tradi- 
tions of statesmanship. At the head, in immediate charge, 
under the general supervision of the Bishop of Washington 
of course, must be the nearest approach our day affords to 
a St. Francis, an Ignatius Loyola, or a John Wesley. As 
colleagues and associates he should have a group of men 
fired with the spirit of evangelism, gifted with the power of 
speech, and trained in all the arts of persuasion. Theirs is 
to be no temporary duty, but a permanent service, and if 
therefore such men are found engaged in parochial duties 
they may be withdrawn to this task, not for a brief period, 
but with the expectation that they will devote their lives 
to the preaching mission, going whither they are sent and 
where the best results may be expected to be won for the 
Church. 

To the National Cathedral they will return frequently 
to recruit their strength from the tremendous physical and 
spiritual drafts made by a speaker who moves great audi- 
ences. At the Cathedral they will find teachers capable of 


{15} 


Demands 
Supreme 


Leadership 


A School for 


Training 


The True 
Work of a 
National 
Cathedral 


THE WORK OF 


adding new fire to their zeal and seeing that on each occa- 
sion they shall go forth equipped with every usance of a 
modern controversialist. 

At the Cathedral also will be centered the organization 
which will see that the meetings they address are so ar- 
ranged as to contain the men to whom it is necessary again 
to carry the story of Christ; and which will follow up the 
success of the preacher by those practical steps which will 
ensure that his success will not have been in vain. The 
Cathedral, besides enlisting the great preachers of our 
Church, and, we may confidently hope, of other Churches, 
will contain within its walls a school for training those 
young preachers turned out by the seminaries who give 
promise of the preaching ability which our age has so 
largely lost. We shall take adequate steps that the Church 
shall be no longer negligent of the duty and privilege of 
developing their gifts and using them for the great work of 
rescue. 

To the call of a faltering Christianity for such a rescue 
the National Cathedral at Washington answers as its pe- 
culiar duty. This is the function of a National Cathedral. 
In the days when Europe was being converted to the 
Christian Faith what happened in England and elsewhere 
was that the Bishop went first, and planting his little ca- 
thedral in the midst of a barbarous population, set out to 
civilize. As he did so, the parish churches grew up gradu- 
ally, both that the converts might continue as Christians, 
and to be ahome for the uninterrupted flow of the new 
answerers to Christ’s call. 

We have allowed a mighty population to sink back into 
an ignorance of Christ. Therefore our Revival of Preach- 
ing must be national in scope. To be successful in such a 
crisis, the Revival must use twentieth century methods, 


{16} 


ANARIONAZEIRCATHEDRAL 


and these methods for such a purpose are necessarily too 
elaborate to be less than national. The National Cathedral 
at Washington realizes that to respond to such a duty lay 
in the minds of its founders, as their inspiration, and to 
that duty of organizing, equipping and sending forth into 
the midst of the people a band of mighty preachers of the 
Christ it dedicates itself as its part in the life of the Epis 
copal Church. 

The National Cathedral does not plan any proselyting 
campaign for the selfish benefit of its own Communion. 
The renewed life which its own members will gain from the 
performance of a high duty is the only reward which the 
Episcopal Church seeks for itself in this venture of faith. 
The vision of the Christ has been obscured. To lift up anew 
before men’s eyes that Divine Figure so as to permit its 
conquering persuasiveness to penetrate their hearts, is the 
Cathedral’s sole aim. Each man so drawn and persuaded 
will then be free to express his Church membership and 
loyalty as his mind and conscience shall direct. It may well 
be that great preachers of other Communions will be ready 
to take their part in this endeavour, and that the National 
Cathedral on its side will have the privilege of including 
them among its messengers and prophets. The Cathedral 
believes that it can make so apparent the sincerity of the 
motive which is actuating it that gradually the whole force 
of American Christianity may be made effective for the 
saving of American civilization. 

The peril to that civilization requires that this Revival 
of Preaching shall stress two problems which the other 
historic preachings have slurred. The first is the need to 
emphasize fundamental ethics. The former preachings be- 
lieved so intensely that ethics without religion were feeble 
that they half forgot that religion without ethics is noth- 


{17} 


Not a 
Proselyting 


Mission 


Must 
Preach 
Conduct 


Defend the 
Basts of 
Soctety 


THE WORK OF 


ing worth. The religious teaching around us has rediscov- 
ered the importance of conduct, but it is too often the un- 
important conduct, the minutiae of morals. The world 
needs preeminently to be recalled to Christ’s own estimate 
of conduct, to those basic virtues which he told us were 
the summation of the character of God Himself—Justice, 
Mercy, and Truth. This Revival of Preaching must seek, 
not to make man accept any code of morals imposed upon 
him from without, but to give to man the inner spiritual 
force so that, basing his own character on the fundamental 
verities of Justice, Mercy, and Truth, each may work out 
a moral conduct which has reality because it is the reflec- 
tion of his own spiritual life. 

Also it must combat the imminent danger which con- 
fronts not only the religion given to us by God but the 
structure of society so painfully built up through the ages 
by man. The individual basis of human society is cease- 
lessly and skillfully attacked; we carelessly allow the de- 
fense almost to go by default. No one wants the Church 
to defend abuses. No Church should allow itself to think 
of human organization as if it were a static order; the so- 
cial life of mankind, like all things else, is a ceaseless evolu- 
tion from the more imperfect to a less and less degree of 
imperfection which never will reach to the perfect itself. 
But here, as in personal morals, there are certain basic 
truths rooted in the inner spiritual nature of man. We 
should not allow these fundamental facts to be overturned 
by hasty tempers who, because society is necessarily al- 
ways working in a state short of perfection, confuse that 
imperfection with moral obliquity. The Christian Church 
has always stood as a rock on the truth that man, and not 
the State, is the basis of the moral order, and that the in- 
dividual man’s inner nature requires the right to acquire 


{18} 


A NATIONAL CATHEDRAL 


and hold for himself in some measure his private property. 
Psychologically considered, the individual, deprived by 
force of the right to exercise his own control over things 
external, is not the well rounded being whom religion re- 
quires in order to bring to bear upon him her spiritual gifts. 

To submerge the individual completely and establish 
the State as the sole authority; to accomplish this by 
depriving the individual of all capacity to call anything his 
own, is the aim of a world-wide political movement. In an 
atmosphere so charged, a great Revival of Preaching can 
not withhold its voice on the pretext that with things po- 
litical it must not deal. For this 1s not only political, it is 
religious. It is an attack, not only on the individual basis 
of society, but on the inmost nature of the Christian Faith. 
It is fortunately an attack whose arguments can be ex- 
ploded completely by intellect and wit. Nothing is so de- 
fensible, by those really competent, as the general state of 
organized human endeavor which has brought man from 
the thickets and caves to his present mastery of nature and 
of himself. Discriminating with the utmost precision be- 
tween the fundamental and the things merely accessory, 
between abiding facts and the merely transitory, between 
principles and the abuse of them, guided always by the 
world’s highest learning, the Revival of Preaching in the 
Twentieth Century must mobilize all Christian forces not 
only to rescue Christ’s religion but also to protect organ- 
ized society. 


Protect 
Individual 
Rights 


NORMAN T. A. MUNDER & CO., INC. 
BALTIMORE 





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